Getting Started

Getting a UNIX Account

To get an account on local d0sgi machines or D0 Challenge machines, you should
fill out a D0 Account Request Form and submit it.

Logging In

You can log into a Unix system in one of the following ways:

If you have a Unix workstation, log into the console directly
Connect from VMS platform or another UNIX platform (with Multinet or similar TCP/IP protocol installed) via,
```
	telnet host or
	rlogin host
```
Access a UNIX system from an X-terminal: get a telnet window(Choose the option "Terminals" from the "option" menu) and enter the name of the desired UNIX node and then select "connect".

The system will prompt you for your login name and password. Remember that UNIX is case sensitive . The login names are always in lower case and your passwords are as they are setup by your system manager (and later by you).

Changing Your Password

You need to use different commands to change passwords on different systems depending on the specific configuration of the system you are working on. When you try to change the password, you will be prompted for both old and new passwords and verification of the new password. Your password must be at least six characters long and should not be your login name or any simple permutation of it. Some systems require that letters and numbers are mixed in the password.

On the d0sgi cluster and D0 Challenges d0cha/d0chb where NIS(Network Information System) is running, you would use the command
%yppasswd

in order to change your password.

Changing Your Shell


        Since April 26, 1996, new UNIX user accounts on d0sgi cluster are
    being setup with "tcsh" as the default shell.  (Same will be done for new
    d0chx accounts.)  Older accounts had "csh" as default.  "tcsh" is a
    super-set of "csh" and allows VMS-style editing and command line recall,
    features that are very useful.

        If you want to change your shell during a session, you may do so by
    simply typing the name of the shell at the prompt.
    i.e.,
            % tcsh 
	    > csh
    After invoking a new shell, if you want to get back to your default shell
    (or the previous shell) just type "exit".

        To change you default login shell to "tcsh" permanently, type the
    following:
            % ypchpass -s /usr/local/bin/tcsh
    This will take effect the next time you log in.

    To go from "tcsh" to "csh" as default, type
            > ypchpass -s /usr/bin/csh

Using UNIX Commands

Once you are logged in, the prompt displayed on your screen indicates your default shell. You interact with the UNIX operating system by entering a command at the shell prompt. To determine which shell you are in, you can type the following command,

echo $shell

You can invoke a new shell by simply typing the name of the shell. For example to switch to tcsh simply type tcsh at the shell prompt. You can return to your default shell by typing the exit command. You can find out more about various shells and our recommendations in the section on shells The commonly used UNIX commands that you would need to manage your directories, files and to do simple things are given in Commonly used commands.

Printing Your Files

You can print your files on a Fermilab printer using the command flpr
%flpr [option] filename

This is a Fermilab-specific command which supports printing on printers available on the network at Fermilab. flpr has many options and you can get detailed help about the options using man flpr .

Examples:

%flpr myfile.ps
prints your file myfile.ps on your default printer. To define a default printer, create a .flprrc file in your home directory with the following contents:

host d0gs01.fnal.gov
queue your_queue_name (e.g., dab5_qms1700)

%flpr -q your_queue_name myfile.ps
prints your file myfile.ps on the specified printer.

Logging Out

You can logout with:

%logout(if you are running csh) or
$exit or ctrl-D (if you are running Bourne shell)

If you have other processes (which maybe created by mistake) you will be informed that you have stopped or suspended jobs. You can use the command jobs to see what jobs are in the system and kill them before you log out (or you can continue to enter logout until all the processes are terminated.)

D0 home Page | D0 UNIX Page

Last update: June 9, 1997

Pushpa Bhat and Dong Zhao